Dreaming the Present: Time, Aesthetics, and the Black Cooperative Movement/Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement.

This article examines two recent books that explore Black cooperative movements and their relationship to space, time, and resistance within settler-colonial and capitalist frameworks. Irvin J. Hunt’s *Dreaming the Present: Time, Aesthetics, and the Black Cooperative Movement* conceptualizes Black cooperatives as temporal, anti-capitalist “anti-places” characterized by impermanence and resistance to White supremacy, focusing on three historical cooperatives including W. E. B. Du Bois’s Negro Cooperative and Fannie Lou Hamer’s Freedom Farm. Monica M. White’s *Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement* situates these cooperatives within a continuum of Black agricultural activism, emphasizing collective agency, community resilience, and economic autonomy as strategies for sustainable Black self-determination. Both authors address the enduring impact of racialized environmental injustice and highlight how historical and contemporary Black cooperative efforts challenge dominant spatial and economic paradigms.