Using Computed Tomography to Rule Out Cryptorchidism in a Muntjac Deer.

This case study focuses on the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging to rule out cryptorchidism—a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum—in a Reeves' muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi). After physical examination and sonography failed to locate a suspected undescended testicle, contrast-enhanced CT was employed, revealing the absence of a second testicle (singular testicular anorchia), thereby avoiding exploratory surgery. The study compares diagnostic and treatment approaches for cryptorchidism in humans and animals, noting that while CT is not commonly used in human infants due to radiation risks, it can be a valuable alternative when magnetic resonance imaging is unavailable or unsuitable. The report also discusses the implications of cryptorchidism and hypogonadism in cervids, including effects on antler development and fertility, and highlights surgical options such as orchiopexy and castration.