Photorespiration: regulation and new insights on the potential role of persulfidation.

This article focuses on the regulation and metabolic significance of photorespiration in C3 plants, emphasizing its integration with nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) metabolism. Photorespiration, once considered a wasteful process, is now recognized as essential for detoxifying metabolites produced by Rubisco's oxygenase activity and for supporting key metabolic functions, including nutrient assimilation and stress responses. The review details transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulatory mechanisms of photorespiration, highlighting the role of transcription factors and novel post-translational modifications such as protein persulfidation linked to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling. It also discusses the complex crosstalk between photorespiration, nitrogen assimilation, sulfur metabolism, and redox signaling, underscoring the pathway's importance in plant adaptation and the potential for improving crop resilience under changing environmental conditions.