Multiomics analyses reveal the central role of the nucleolus and its machinery during heat stress acclimation in Pinus radiata.

This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress (HS) response and acclimation in Pinus radiata, a conifer species increasingly affected by climate change-induced temperature rises and drought. Using a multiomics approach that integrates transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and physiological data, the study identifies extensive transcriptome remodeling during heat exposure, highlighting the central role of RNA processing in nuclei and organelles, particularly involving pentatricopeptide proteins and nucleolar activities. Key pathways connected to HS acclimation include redox regulation, heat-shock proteins, abscisic acid signaling, and the shikimate pathway, with evidence of complex inter-organellar communication and proteome remodeling. This work provides a comprehensive resource for understanding conifer thermotolerance and offers molecular targets relevant for breeding programs aimed at enhancing tree resilience to global warming.