Structure and function of the nuclear envelope and nuclear pores.

This article discusses the structure and function of the nuclear envelope (NE) and nuclear pores in eukaryotic cells. The NE is a double membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner nuclear membrane contains proteins called lamins, which help maintain its structure. The communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which are sites where the inner and outer nuclear membranes fuse. Dysfunction in NPCs and NE organization can lead to human diseases, such as laminopathies. The article also explores the role of nucleoporins in gene expression and chromatin organization, as well as the impact of posttranslational modification on DNA repair and transcription. The authors hope that this issue will inspire further research into the roles of the nuclear envelope and associated structures in cellular function. [Extracted from the article]