Treatment-Induced Ovarian Insufficiency and Early Menopause in Breast Cancer Survivors.

This article focuses on treatment-induced ovarian insufficiency (primary ovarian insufficiency, POI) and early menopause in young breast cancer survivors (YBCS), examining its causes, effects, and supportive care strategies. Breast cancer therapies, including gonadotoxic chemotherapy and endocrine treatments such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and aromatase inhibitors, can abruptly reduce estrogen production, leading to severe menopausal symptoms and long-term health risks like osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Management approaches for hypoestrogenism-related symptoms include nonhormonal pharmacologic options for vasomotor symptoms, over-the-counter vaginal moisturizers and lubricants for vulvovaginal symptoms, and lifestyle modifications to support bone and cardiovascular health; systemic hormone therapy is generally contraindicated in breast cancer survivors. Oncology nurses play a critical role by providing anticipatory guidance, regular symptom assessment, education, psychosocial support, and facilitating interprofessional care tailored to individual patient needs. The article highlights the need for further research to optimize safe and effective interventions for managing treatment-induced menopausal transitions in this population.