'Filming Is Our Only Weapon Against the Police': Ethnic Minorities and Police Encounters in the New Visibility Era.

This article examines how marginalised ethnic minority young people in Denmark use cell phone cameras during encounters with the police, based on 37 interviews. Unlike organised political activists who film police to promote accountability, these young people often film spontaneously as a pragmatic strategy to protect themselves from perceived police mistreatment, produce evidence, and symbolically resist police authority within their street culture. Their filming practices contribute to a dynamic interactional "game" with police officers, who may attempt to neutralise or obstruct recording efforts, leading to ongoing moves and counter-moves. While filming can provide a sense of empowerment and agency, it may also reinforce feelings of disenfranchisement and distrust, as video evidence is not always effective in legal complaints and can amplify perceptions of systemic bias. The study highlights the complexity of citizen filming as both a tool of resistance and a reflection of broader structural tensions between ethnic minority communities and law enforcement.