Electron-acoustic solitary waves via suprathermal populations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Bifurcation, sensitivity, and stability analysis.

This article focuses on the theoretical investigation of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in Saturn's magnetosphere, modeled as a collisional plasma system with cold electron fluid, hot electrons following a kappa distribution, and stationary ions. Using the reductive perturbation technique, the authors derive the Korteweg–de Vries Burgers (KdV–B) equation with a conformable time-derivative and obtain exact solutions via the unified method, analyzing shock wave features such as kink and anti-kink structures. The study examines the influence of plasma parameters—including the spectral index of superthermal hot electrons, the hot-to-cold electron density ratio, collision frequency, and the order of the conformable derivative—on wave behavior, stability, bifurcation, and sensitivity to external periodic forces. Results indicate that stationary ions can induce positive potential formation as external forces dissipate, and that the system exhibits two unstable equilibrium points, reflecting the complex nonlinear dynamics within Saturn's magnetosphere.