Joseph Conrad: Worlds Literature.

The article focuses on the concept of "worlds literature" through the lens of Joseph Conrad’s works, exploring the intersections between human and nonhuman realms within a global, economic, and ecological framework. It situates world literature not merely as a human-centered global exchange of texts, as discussed by scholars like Pascale Casanova, David Damrosch, and Franco Moretti, but expands it to include multiple coexisting worlds—human, premodern, and nonhuman—that interact and overlap in Conrad’s narratives. Through close readings of Conrad’s stories such as "Karain," *Nostromo*, and *Almayer’s Folly*, the essay highlights how boundaries between human and nonhuman, core and periphery, and modern and premodern are blurred, raising questions about anthropocentrism, hierarchy, and ethics. The analysis advocates for a planetary, non-anthropocentric approach to world literature that respects alterity and the agency of nonhuman entities, reflecting contemporary ecological and postcolonial concerns.