The Translation of Christine de Pizan's Prouerbes Moraulx by Earl Rivers.

This article focuses on the 1478 English translation of Christine de Pizan's *Prouerbes moraulx* (Moral Proverbs) by Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, published by William Caxton. Rivers's translation, based on a prestigious French manuscript from the British Library (Harley MS 4431), reworks Christine's 101 moral couplets into a decasyllabic poem aimed primarily at educating his nephew, Edward, Prince of Wales, and later a wider gentry audience. The text reflects Rivers's linguistic dialect and educational goals, notably emphasizing Christian piety and moral instruction, often altering or expanding Christine's original meanings to highlight spiritual themes. Extant only in Caxton's 1478 printed edition, the Moral Proverbs survives in three known incunables and has not yet been critically edited until this study, which provides a preliminary edition and analysis of its textual, linguistic, and stylistic features.