Conceptualizing feminist solidarity through resistance in the "Woman, Life, Freedom" movement.

This article examines the concept of feminist solidarity through the lens of the transnational "Woman, Life, Freedom" movement sparked by the death of Mahsa Jina Amini in Iran. It distinguishes between superficial feminist solidarity—characterized by distant, often Western-centered gestures that raise awareness but risk appropriating or simplifying local struggles—and substantive feminist solidarity, which involves anti-colonial praxis grounded in collective action led by those directly affected. The article highlights how digital activism can both enable and complicate these forms of solidarity, emphasizing the importance of centering the voices and demands of Iranian women rather than imposing Western feminist frameworks. Using examples from the movement, such as contrasting campaigns #YouveGotMailIran and #IRIOffCSW, the authors illustrate how solidarity actions vary in their depth, risks, and political implications. The framework aims to help scholars and activists critically analyze power dynamics within transnational feminist movements and calls for recognizing disagreement and complexity within affected communities.