Unconventional Computing in Dendrites - From the Cytoskeleton to The Spines.

The complex electrodynamic properties of dendrites play a crucial role in information processing within neurons. This manuscript delves into the fundamental components of dendrites, focusing on the cytoskeleton and spines. By exploring the interactions between microtubules, actin filaments, ion channels, and dendritic spines, the aim is to put forward a model of unconventional computing taking place in dendrites, that contributes to neural computation and signaling. The hypothesis is that the dendritic cytoskeleton, including both microtubules and actin filaments, plays an active and central role in computations affecting neuronal function. These cytoskeletal elements are affected by, and in turn regulate, ion channels and spines activity. An integrated view of these phenomena in a bottom-up scheme is provided. We outline substantial evidence to support our model and suggest that ionic wave propagation and processing along cytoskeletal structures impact ion channels' function, and thus computational capabilities of the dendritic tree and neuronal function as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]