Co‐culturing microalgae with endophytic bacteria from bamboo for efficient nutrient and heavy metal removal coupling with biogas upgrading.

The construction of dominant algal species and bacterial strains in algal treatment technology was crucial for pollutant removal. In order to enhance the purification capability of microalgae toward heavy metals in water as well as biogas slurry and biogas, symbiotic systems were respectively constructed using Chlorella vulgaris and two different endogenous bacteria (microalgal endophytic bacteria S395–2 and plant endophytic bacteria BEB7). The results demonstrated that the endogenous bacteria (S395–2 and BEB7) effectively promote the growth, biomass yield, photosynthetic activity, and carbonic anhydrase activity of microalgae. Additionally, BEB7 exhibited superior promotion effects on microalgae compared to S395–2. Moreover, the BEB7‐microalgae co‐cultivation system not only efficiently removed heavy metals from water but also effectively purified the nutrients and CO2 in biogas slurry. The optimal effect was observed when the ratio of BEB7 to microalgae was 10:1. This study has established a solid theoretical foundation for the application of microalgae in pollutant purification. Practitioner Points: Endogenous bacteria effectively promoted microalgal performance.The optimal ratio of BEB7 to microalgae was 10:1.Chlorella vulgaris‐BEB7 showed the best removal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]