Chloroplast Genome Sequences and Phylogenetic Analysis of Eight Newly Sequenced Caryophyllaceae Species.

This article focuses on the sequencing, assembly, and comparative analysis of eight newly reported chloroplast (cp) genomes from species within the Caryophyllaceae family, including Eremogone, Shivparvatia, and Silene genera. Using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic tools, the study characterized genome structure, gene content, repeat sequences, and nucleotide diversity, revealing conserved quadripartite cp genome organization with 130–132 genes and evidence of strong purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete cp genomes supported the monophyly of Silene and Eremogone, while placing Shivparvatia glanduligera closer to Amaranthus hypochondriacus, providing new insights into species relationships and evolutionary history within Caryophyllaceae. These findings contribute valuable genomic resources for species identification, phylogenetics, and genetic research in this economically and medicinally important plant family.