Hybrid Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurs' Well-Being: The Moderating Effect of Role Demands Outside Entrepreneurship.

The article focuses on how role demands outside entrepreneurship moderate the relationship between a preceding phase in hybrid entrepreneurship—defined as starting a business while maintaining a wage-job—and entrepreneurs' well-being in subsequent full entrepreneurship. Drawing on entrepreneurial learning and role conflict theories, the study argues that interfering demands from wage-jobs (specifically rigid working hours) and private lives (notably caring responsibilities) constrain hybrid entrepreneurs' ability to transform their entrepreneurial experiences into skills that protect their well-being. Using longitudinal panel data from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey, the authors find that these role demands negatively affect well-being outcomes, with caring responsibilities particularly impacting female hybrid entrepreneurs and rigid wage-job hours more strongly affecting male hybrid entrepreneurs. The study contributes to entrepreneurship research by refining the understanding of learning during hybrid entrepreneurship, highlighting gender-differentiated role conflicts, and emphasizing the importance of contextual factors in shaping entrepreneurs' well-being.