Functional expression mechanisms of food-derived components based on target proteins.

This article reviews the functional expression mechanisms of food-derived bioactive components through their interactions with target proteins, emphasizing their roles in preventing lifestyle-related diseases. It highlights specific examples such as theobromine from cocoa, which modulates adipogenesis and thermogenesis via adenosine A1 receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in adipose tissue, and soy isoflavones like genistein and daidzein, which interact with estrogen receptors and mitochondrial proteins to influence adipocyte differentiation and muscle maintenance. The review also discusses resveratrol's enhancement of doxorubicin's anticancer effects by targeting carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) under hypoxic tumor conditions, and the emerging role of food-derived microRNAs, particularly those in milk exosomes, in regulating gene expression and inflammation. Overall, identifying target proteins of food components is presented as crucial for understanding their bioactivities and for developing novel functional foods and pharmaceuticals.