Application of ultrasound technology for extraction of color pigments from plant sources and their potential bio‐functional properties: A review.

Natural colorants/pigments are nowadays gaining popularity due to increased consumer awareness and severe health problems caused by the use of synthetic pigments. The efficient extraction of natural pigments from different plant sources leads to their effective application as substitutes for synthetic pigments in the food processing sector. In the present review, authors discussed the mechanistic approach of a novel ultrasonication technique in the extraction of natural color pigments having potential bio‐functional characteristics leading to numerous health benefits. The recent advancements in the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of plant pigments including anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophyll were explored. The most significant observations were that the extraction efficiency improved due to the phenomenon of cavitation, low installation and maintenance costs, and reduced energy requirement. Further, the optimum extraction conditions, stability, and bio‐accessibility of the pigment compound significantly impact the process parameters. Moreover, recent progress in enhancing the performance of the UAE technique was addressed. Practical applications: Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is an effective way to improve the recovery of natural pigments from plants. Ultrasound treatment is a novel green extraction technology that offers a wide range of benefits. The present review conveys a better understanding of UAE mechanisms and optimum conditions of extracted pigments from different plant sources for their effective use as a natural colorant in food applications on an industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]