Advances in plasma-driven solution electrochemistry.

This article provides a comprehensive review of plasma-driven solution electrochemistry (PDSE), a process where energetic species generated by gas-phase plasmas interact with liquid surfaces to initiate controlled and selective chemical conversions. PDSE enables unique redox chemistries involving both oxidative and reductive species—such as solvated electrons and hydroxyl radicals—produced at the plasma–liquid interface, allowing simultaneous or temporally separated oxidation and reduction reactions not achievable by conventional electrochemistry. The review covers fundamental aspects of PDSE including species generation, transport phenomena, and reaction mechanisms, with applications highlighted in nanoparticle synthesis, organic synthesis, and polymerization in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. Challenges in controlling PDSE, limitations of applying classical electrochemical metrics like Faradaic efficiency, and advances in modeling and diagnostics for understanding plasma–liquid interactions are discussed, emphasizing the potential of PDSE for sustainable, low-carbon chemical manufacturing and the need for further fundamental research to achieve selective and efficient chemical transformations.