Design and Numerical Simulation of Refractory Metal Oxides and Dichalcogenides Embedded Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

The photovoltaic cells have undergone a series of metamorphosis since the perovskite materials are being used as light absorber in it. Owing to its superior light absorbing ability, perovskite materials have offered a bit of hope for future photovoltaic application. However, the stability and toxicity of perovskite-based solar cells have always remained a major concern. In this context, electronic characteristics pertaining to compounds of refractory metals, i.e., molybdenum and tungsten; and non-toxic properties of tin halide-based perovskite material may be considered to vanquish the issues related to durability and toxicity. This paper comprehends SCAPS 1D simulation and study of tin-based perovskite solar cell structures consisting of oxides and dichalcogenides of refractory metals viz oxides of molybdenum (Mo O x) , tungsten di-selenide (WS e 2) , molybdenum di-telluride (MoT e 2) and molybdenum di-sulfide (Mo S 2) as hole transport materials (HTMs). Post simulation, the optimized efficiencies were observed to be 31.95%, 30.89%, 31.92% and 31.86% for Mo O x , WS e 2 , MoT e 2 and Mo S 2 , respectively. Among these, perovskite solar cell consisting Mo O x as hole transport layer (HTL) displayed conspicuous result exhibiting open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 1.1093 V, short circuit current density ( J sc ) of 33.88 mA/ cm 2 , fill factor (FF) of 85.01% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.95%. These parameters indicate that oxides and dichalcogenides of refractory metals viz oxides of molybdenum (Mo O x) , tungsten di-selenide (WS e 2) and molybdenum di-telluride (MoT e 2) can be optimistic materials for future generation solar cells. A comparative analysis of the proposed perovskite solar cells is carried out using oxides and dichalcogenides of refractory metals as HTLs, i.e., MoOx, WSe2, MoTe2 and MoS2 using SCAPS 1D simulator. Power conversion efficiency, fill factor, short circuit current density and open circuit voltage of the proposed device are characterized by thickness, doping concentrations, defect density and temperature. The proposed solar cells with MoOx, MoTe2 and MoS2 as HTLs, yielded high performance as compared to existing one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]