Citizen journalism revisited: A case study of Kenya's kibera news network.

This article examines the role of citizen journalism in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, through a case study of the Kibera News Network (KNN). Despite lacking formal training, KNN citizen journalists demonstrate strong adherence to traditional journalistic ethics—particularly accuracy, fairness, and autonomy—while covering community-specific stories often overlooked by mainstream media. Their work, supported by handheld video equipment and donor funding, fosters a sense of neighborhood belonging and collective efficacy, which according to the integrative theoretical model of communication and civic participation, promotes civic engagement. The study highlights how KNN's citizen journalism provides alternative narratives free from political and financial pressures common in Kenyan mainstream media, contributing to the democratization of news and representation in a marginalized community.