Citizen journalism: Revisiting the concept and developments.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of citizen journalism, tracing its historical roots, evolution, and current challenges in the digital age. It highlights citizen journalism as the practice of non-professionals actively producing and disseminating news, often serving as an alternative to mainstream media and contributing to democratic discourse, especially in politically constrained environments. The article discusses the impact of technological advances, social media platforms, and the rise of misinformation, as well as the influence of corporate and state actors on digital spaces, which complicate citizen journalists' roles. It also emphasizes the diverse global practices of citizen journalism, particularly in the Global South and conflict zones, where it remains vital for marginalized communities and political activism. Finally, the article calls for broader conceptualizations and methodological approaches to studying citizen journalism, recognizing its complex, multifaceted nature and ongoing relevance amid changing social, political, and technological landscapes.