RF-EMF electromagnetic environment IN the West Bank, Palestine.

This article focuses on evaluating public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) in the West Bank, Palestine, comparing measurements taken in 2020 with a previous study from 2009. Using tri-axial E-field frequency-selective personal exposure meters, researchers measured electric field strengths across 149 outdoor locations, finding an average field strength of 1.4 V/m and a maximum of 7.43 V/m in Ramallah city center. The main contributors to RF-EMF exposure were FM radio broadcasting (36%) and mobile telephony base stations, including UMTS2100 downlink (24%) and GSM900 downlink (17%), with total exposure levels remaining well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) safety limits. Over the 11-year period, average exposure approximately doubled, highlighting the importance of ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance with international safety guidelines.