Digital participatory democracy: A normative framework for the democratic governance of the digital commons.

It is fast becoming common understanding that the collection and control over knowledge goods such as data and information lie at the heart of profit-making for these digital firms. To produce this customizable variety, firms would begin to incorporate consumers into the production process, and I prosumers i would become both producers of commodities for firms as well as their consumers. That is, those who contribute productive value to the firm are not employees of the firm, but rather, are typically digital platform users, that is, everyday individuals who engage with the Internet. Through the collection of data and information as a result of our online social interactions, firms like Google are able to increase the effectiveness and success of proprietary services by training machine learning (ML) systems (Arrieta-Ibarra et al., [5]). Furthermore, knowledge goods, that is, intangible assets in the form of data, information, user-generated content, and other forms of immaterial assets, have become key drivers for top performing firms in general (Haskel & Westlake, [41]). [Extracted from the article]