Multi-omics explores the potential regulatory role of acetylation modification in flavonoid biosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba.

This article focuses on the role of lysine acetylation (Kac), a reversible post-translational modification, in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba L., a medicinally important tree species. Through integrated multi-omics analyses—including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and acetylome profiling—researchers identified 11,788 Kac sites on 4,324 proteins, including 12 key acetylated enzymes involved in flavonoid metabolic pathways such as C3H1, CCoAOMT1, and F3′5′H. Experimental validation showed that acetylation levels of these enzymes correlated with flavonoid accumulation in different tissues, and treatment with the lysine deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) altered flavonoid content and gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. These findings provide the first comprehensive evidence that lysine acetylation modulates flavonoid biosynthesis in G. biloba, suggesting a complex regulatory mechanism at the post-translational level that influences the medicinal active ingredients of this species.