Molecular Interactions Leading to Advancements in the Techniques for COVID-19 Detection: A Review.

This article reviews the origin, genome, and diagnostic analytical techniques for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. It identifies real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the "gold standard" for early and accurate detection due to its high sensitivity and specificity, while also discussing alternative methods such as reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), serological assays (including ELISA and chemiluminescence immunoassay), computed tomography (CT) scans, nanomaterial-based biosensors, and point-of-care testing. The review highlights the advantages and limitations of each technique, emphasizing the need for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools, especially in resource-limited settings. It also addresses challenges such as test standardization, false negatives, and variant detection, and notes ongoing research to improve COVID-19 diagnostic methods.