Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen Rv1471 Induces Innate Immune Memory and Adaptive Immunity Against Infection.

This article focuses on evaluating Rv1471, a thioredoxin secreted by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* (Mtb), as a novel antigen candidate for tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccine development targeting innate immune memory, also known as trained immunity. The study demonstrates that Rv1471 induces functional maturation and trained immunity phenotypes in macrophages, enhancing proinflammatory cytokine production and protection against intracellular mycobacterial infections. In a murine model, vaccination with an adjuvanted Rv1471 subunit vaccine elicited robust antigen-specific multifunctional T-cell responses and significantly reduced bacterial loads following Mtb challenge, showing protective efficacy comparable to the dominant antigen Ag85A. These findings suggest that Rv1471 may contribute to improved TB vaccine design by simultaneously activating innate and adaptive immunity through innate immune memory mechanisms.