Optimizing nutrient transporters to enhance disease resistance in rice.

This article focuses on the interplay between mineral nutrient homeostasis and immune responses in rice (Oryza sativa), emphasizing how manipulation of nutrient transporters can enhance disease resistance. It reviews the roles of six macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium) and eight micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, silicon, nickel) in rice disease susceptibility or resistance, highlighting that excess nitrogen and phosphorus often increase susceptibility, while adequate levels of other nutrients generally enhance resistance. The article details molecular mechanisms by which specific rice nutrient transporters regulate immune responses to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens, and discusses how pathogens can modulate transporter expression to facilitate infection. Finally, it explores genetic engineering strategies targeting nutrient transporters to develop disease-resistant rice varieties, balancing nutrient use efficiency and plant growth for sustainable agriculture.