HIV-related extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma presenting as a bronchial mass: Case report.

This article focuses on a rare case of extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a human herpesvirus-8 (HHV8)-associated B-cell lymphoma, presenting as an endobronchial mass in a 52-year-old man newly diagnosed with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patient exhibited respiratory symptoms initially suggestive of pneumonia, but bronchoscopy and biopsy confirmed extracavitary PEL, an uncommon solid tumor manifestation of PEL typically seen in immunosuppressed individuals. Treatment combining antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CHOP chemotherapy led to complete remission, highlighting the importance of considering PEL in differential diagnoses of bronchial masses in people living with HIV/AIDS. The case underscores diagnostic challenges due to the rarity and atypical presentation of extracavitary PEL, emphasizing the role of histological and immunohistochemical analysis for accurate diagnosis.