Global and regional burden of cardiovascular diseases attributable to non-optimal temperatures: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

This article focuses on the global and regional impacts of non-optimal temperatures on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), analyzing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. It reports that in 2021, non-optimal temperatures accounted for approximately 1.22 million CVD deaths and 24.18 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), with low temperatures responsible for the majority of these outcomes. Although age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and DALYs have generally declined since 1990, projections using Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models forecast a rise in absolute CVD deaths from 1.2 million in 2022 to 1.9 million by 2050, highlighting an increasing burden linked to temperature variability. The study emphasizes significant disparities by region and socio-demographic index (SDI), with lower SDI regions experiencing higher CVD burdens, and underscores the importance of integrating climate action (Sustainable Development Goal 13) with health strategies aimed at reducing non-communicable disease mortality (Sustainable Development Goal 3.4).