The Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Adults With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent breathing disorder characterized by repeated upper airway obstructions during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. OSA has been associated with increased risks for cardiovascular metabolic dysfunction, and impaired cognitive performance. Untreated OSA can double, or even triple, mortality risk compared to the general population. Although continuous positive airway pressure remains the gold standard for OSA management, many patients struggle with compliance, highlighting the need for alternative or adjunctive interventions. Speechlanguage pathologists (SLPs) possess specialized knowledge of oral and pharyngeal anatomy and breathing mechanics, positioning them as key contributors to multidisciplinary approaches in OSA treatment. Recent evidence supports the efficacy of behavioral interventions, including myofunctional therapy and respiratory muscle training, in strengthening oropharyngeal muscles and improving breathing patterns, potentially reducing OSA severity. Notably, studies such as the "Didgeridoo Study" and recent meta-analyses show a reduction in the Apnea--Hypopnea Index and improved patient-reported outcomes with behavioral therapies. However, the term "myofunctional therapy" lacks standardization and may not fully encompass the skills required for these interventions, suggesting the need for evidence-based protocols and advanced training specific to OSA. Conclusions: This article reviews the role of SLPs within a collaborative framework, emphasizing evidence-based approaches for behavioral management of OSA. While behavioral therapies show promise, further randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and targeted treatments are needed to clarify optimal interventions. With rising awareness of sleep and breathing health, an interdisciplinary approach integrating SLP expertise can enhance patient outcomes in OSA management.