Clinical progress note: Poliomyelitis.

This article focuses on the reemergence of poliomyelitis in the United States, highlighted by a 2022 case of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by a vaccine-derived Type 2 poliovirus in an unvaccinated adult from Rockland County, New York. It reviews poliovirus epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention, emphasizing the role of vaccination with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in controlling disease spread. The article notes that circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can cause outbreaks in undervaccinated populations, as evidenced by poliovirus detection in wastewater from affected areas. It underscores the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage to prevent further cases and advocates for hospitalists to assess vaccination status and collaborate with public health authorities in managing suspected cases.