Re-emergence of diphtheria in Kano State, Nigeria: Current effort and challenges.

The article focuses on the January 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Kano, Nigeria, highlighting its impact and response efforts. Diphtheria, caused primarily by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria, mainly affects children and is transmitted via respiratory droplets, with urban crowding contributing to its spread. Kano, Nigeria’s largest state, faces challenges due to low routine immunization rates, especially in remote areas, which has led to increased cases and mortality. The response included establishing a specialized treatment center with support from Médecins Sans Frontières and coordination by the Diphtheria Technical Working Group under a Disease Surveillance and Notification Officer. The article emphasizes the need for free vaccination programs and increased public awareness to control the outbreak.