Main Pathogens Causing Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Major Burns in Brazil Comparing Two Periods: 2015/2016 and 2019/2020.

This article focuses on a retrospective study conducted at a Brazilian reference hospital analyzing infections and antibiotic resistance in patients with major burns during two periods, 2015/2016 and 2019/2020. The study found a predominance of male patients around 43 years old with burns covering less than 30% of total body surface area (TBSA), primarily affecting the upper limbs due to thermal injury. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent infectious agent, followed by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, with no significant changes in pathogen prevalence or antibiotic resistance profiles between the two periods. Despite a reduction in hospital stay length and increased microbiological culture use, mortality rates rose significantly, with sepsis identified as the leading cause of death. The findings highlight ongoing challenges in managing infections in burn patients and underscore the importance of surveillance and targeted antibiotic therapy in this population.