Flight phenology and influence of region and habitat on the abundance of Xylosandrus germanus and Anisandrus maiche (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in New York.

This article focuses on the distribution, seasonal activity, and habitat preferences of two introduced ambrosia beetle species, *Xylosandrus germanus* (black stem borer) and *Anisandrus maiche*, in New York State apple orchards. Annual trapping surveys conducted in 2022 and 2023 at commercial apple orchards near Lake Ontario and cider apple orchards in the Finger Lakes region revealed that *X. germanus* predominates near Lake Ontario, while *A. maiche* is more abundant in the Finger Lakes. Both species exhibit overlapping flight periods from spring through early fall, with beetle captures generally highest in forest interiors and declining toward orchard edges, supporting continued trapping at forest edges for monitoring. The study also documented 22 other bark and ambrosia beetle species, noting that both *X. germanus* and *A. maiche* can infest stressed trees throughout the growing season, highlighting their potential as emerging pests in orchard ecosystems.