Ensuring Safety of Patients in Complex Health Systems: A Focus on Primary Healthcare Service Relations in Nigeria.

This article examines the complexities of primary healthcare (PHC) in Nigeria and their impact on patient safety, focusing on interprofessional collaboration, inclusive health financing, and health workforce satisfaction. The qualitative study conducted in four PHC facilities in Enugu state reveals significant challenges, including a shortage of qualified medical doctors and psychosocial professionals, inadequate laboratory services, unregulated out-of-pocket payments, and poor working conditions for health workers. These factors contribute to suboptimal service delivery, increased medical errors, and compromised patient safety. The study highlights the need for improved implementation of health financing schemes, better staffing with competent professionals—including social workers—and enhanced governance to "decomplexify" the PHC system in line with global health agendas.