Lappodochium lageniforme transferred to Botryoderma, with validation of the name Botryoderma rostratum (Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales).

The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the monotypic genus Lappodochium Matsush. and its constituent species Lappodochium lageniforme Matsush. have long been uncertain. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS , LSU , rpb 2 and tub 2 datasets and morphological data were used to establish relationships of Lappodochium lageniforme within the Chaetomiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a strongly supported monophyletic clade of Lappodochium lageniforme with Botryoderma strains. These results provide sufficient data to re-examine the phylogenetic position of Lappodochium and propose the new combination Botryoderma lageniforme (Matsush.) Gusmão, G.G.Barreto & M.G.A.Primo. The previously invalidly published B. rostratum is also validated, as B. rostratum Papendorf & H.P.Upadhyay ex Gusmão & G.G.Barreto. We also provide a key and synopsis of all accepted Botryoderma species. In the 1970s, scientists stumbled upon an unusual microfungus named Lappodochium in Brazilian soil. Over the years, the true identity and position in the fungal evolutionary tree remained a puzzle. Through meticulous genetic and morphological investigations, experts have finally unravelled the connection to a known genus called Botryoderma. This revelation not only adds to our knowledge of this captivating fungus but also deepens our understanding of the diverse world of fungi in tropical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]