Rethinking the missions and functions of public research institutes: evidence from Iranian PRIs.

This article examines the evolving functions of public research institutes (PRIs) in Iran and internationally, emphasizing their critical role in advancing national innovation systems and transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. Drawing on expert focus groups and benchmarking leading global PRIs, six key functions are identified for PRIs: acting as innovation hubs and specialized accelerators; serving as strategic and problem-oriented research management platforms; providing specialized technical services; facilitating cooperation, technology transfer, and dissemination; functioning as standard and regulatory references; and operating as hubs for technology and policy intelligence within specific sectors. To support these expanded roles, the study proposes policy recommendations across five areas—governance and division of responsibilities, supply- and demand-side stimulation, strengthening supply-demand linkages, and infrastructure development—aimed at addressing challenges such as unclear institutional roles, funding mechanisms, and industry engagement. The findings offer theoretical insights and practical policy guidance relevant to policymakers and stakeholders in science, technology, and innovation, particularly in developing countries seeking to enhance the effectiveness of PRIs in fostering technological innovation and economic development.