JOURNAL ARTICLE

impact of ADHD genetic risk on educational achievement: a comparative cross-national study.

  • Published In: Oxford Economic Papers, 2023, v. 75, n. 1. P. 1 1 of 3

  • Database: Business Source Ultimate 2 of 3

  • Authored By: Dannemann, Bernhard C; Gören, Erkan 3 of 3

Abstract

This article investigates the macroeconomic impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behavioral symptoms on educational achievement across countries. Using the frequency of the 2- and 7-repeat allele variants of the human dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) exon III gene as a biomarker for ADHD genetic risk, the study finds a statistically significant negative association between this genetic measure and aggregate student achievement test scores from 81 countries. The analysis controls for a comprehensive set of biogeographic, historical, health-related, economic, and educational factors, confirming that ADHD genetic risk explains approximately 1.68% to 2.21% of the variation in educational outcomes internationally. The findings suggest that ADHD-related behavioral symptoms impose a measurable educational burden at the societal level, with implications for policy interventions aimed at improving attention and impulse control to enhance human capital accumulation and long-term economic growth.

Additional Information

  • Source:Oxford Economic Papers. 2023/01, Vol. 75, Issue 1, p1
  • Document Type:Article
  • Subject Area:Education
  • Publication Date:2023
  • ISSN:0030-7653
  • DOI:10.1093/oep/gpac019
  • Accession Number:161035206
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