French validation of the e-PROSCeSS questionnaire: stakeholder perceptions of the health promoting sports club.

This article focuses on the cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the French version of the e-PROSCeSS questionnaire, a tool designed to measure perceptions of health promotion activities within sports clubs based on the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) model. The e-PROSCeSS assesses health promotion at three interconnected levels—macro (club), meso (managers), and micro (coaches)—across four health determinants: organizational, social, environmental, and economic. The study found that while the social, organizational, and economic subscales demonstrated good psychometric properties and predictive validity, the environmental determinant and the overarching concept of health promotion were more challenging to measure, particularly for sports participants who often reported difficulty understanding or perceiving club-level health promotion activities. The findings highlight complexities in capturing the broad, multi-level nature of health promotion in sports clubs and suggest the French e-PROSCeSS is a useful tool for assessing health promotion perceptions among French-speaking stakeholders, with recommendations for further validation in diverse languages, age groups, and sporting contexts.