Development and testing of PMTSMC tensile, torsional, and bending single and composite forming test device.

This article focuses on the development and validation of a comprehensive molding test device designed to simulate and analyze the elastic–plastic deformation behavior of materials under multiple mechanical load combinations, specifically tension, torsion, and bending. The device integrates modular mechanical load structures and a multiphysics control system capable of real-time acquisition of six physical quantities, enabling tests under three single and two composite loading conditions. Experimental verification using the permanent magnet traction motor stator coil (PMTMSC) material from the China Railway CR450 high-speed train demonstrated measurement errors within 7% compared to commercial equipment, theoretical calculations, and simulations. The study highlights the device’s ability to reveal changes in bending force and rebound under composite loading, providing a valuable platform for improving the precision and understanding of complex forming processes in metallic and non-metallic materials.