In Vivo Accuracy of Autonomous Dental Implant Robotic Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This article systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the in vivo accuracy of autonomous dental implant robotic (ADIR) surgery, a level 2 robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) technology that autonomously performs osteotomy preparation and implant placement. Analyzing six clinical studies involving 96 patients and 299 implants, the meta-analysis found that ADIR achieves mean linear deviations of approximately 0.60 mm at the implant platform and 0.63 mm at the apex, with an angular deviation of about 1.42 degrees. These accuracy outcomes are significantly better than those reported for static (s-CAIS) and dynamic (d-CAIS) computer-assisted implant surgeries. Despite demonstrating feasibility across partial and complete edentulous cases, ADIR surgery requires well-trained operators for planning and assistance, as well as technical experts for backup control, and its clinical practicality remains challenging. The review highlights the need for further research, including randomized controlled trials, to confirm these findings and address current limitations such as study heterogeneity and geographic concentration of data.