Defining a systems framework for characterizing physical work demands with wearable sensors.

This article focuses on a systems-thinking framework for measuring the physical demands of work using advanced wearable sensor technologies, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), heart rate monitors, and electromyography (EMG). It reviews current methods for assessing physical job demands—including self-report, observational, and direct measurement tools—and highlights limitations in precision and contextual relevance. The proposed framework, adapted from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), organizes physical demands across five domains: function, activities, tasks, jobs, and work, and aligns these with three categories of decision-making: design and safety management, individual assessment and training, and evidence-based policy formation. The article emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate metrics and sensor applications based on specific decision needs, stakeholder input, and ethical considerations, while acknowledging ongoing challenges in metric validation, data interpretation, and privacy. This approach aims to enhance understanding of evolving work demands and improve worker safety, health, and well-being through more precise and contextually informed measurement strategies.