Beyond the normative impasse of environmental migration: From regimes to infrastructures in a Latin American key.

The article focuses on the legal framing of environmental migration through the lens of legal infrastructures and infrastructuring processes, emphasizing the multidimensional and transdisciplinary nature of this issue. It argues that the fragmented and regime-dependent legal approaches to environmental displacement—exemplified by cases in Latin America such as the Venezuelan refugee crisis and Brazil's Covid-19 border responses—can be better understood as dynamic, evolving legal infrastructures shaped by interactions among diverse legal regimes, state and non-state actors, and migrants themselves. The Latin American context, with its innovative entanglement of international refugee law, regional human rights frameworks (notably the Inter-American human rights system), and domestic policies, illustrates how legal infrastructuring can produce both protection and mobility outcomes beyond conventional legal categories. The article suggests that this infrastructural perspective offers a more holistic understanding of environmental migration law's complexity and the agency of migrants, while acknowledging that substantive normative and political changes remain necessary for comprehensive protection.