Application of omics technology in ecotoxicology of arthropod in farmland.

This article critically reviews the application of multi-omics technologies—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and meta-omics—in studying the ecotoxicological effects of pollutants on arthropods in farmland ecosystems. It highlights how these approaches elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying arthropod responses to various agricultural pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Key findings include the regulation of detoxification genes and proteins (e.g., cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, metallothioneins), alterations in metabolic pathways, and shifts in gut microbiota composition that contribute to pollutant detoxification and stress adaptation. The review emphasizes the need for integrated multi-omics analyses to better understand combined and emerging pollutant effects, and calls for further gene function validation to support sustainable pest management and agroecosystem health. It also discusses challenges in data sharing and advocates for adherence to FAIR principles to enhance research interoperability and ecological risk assessment.