Sustainable network design of bioenergies generation based on municipal solid waste (MSW) management under uncertainty.

This article focuses on designing a sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) management network aimed at optimally generating diverse bioenergies while considering economic, environmental, and social sustainability dimensions under uncertainty. The proposed model is a multi-objective possibilistic mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MOPMINLP) approach that integrates life cycle assessments and a comprehensive social sustainability evaluation system based on the Best Worst Method. Uncertainties in parameters such as bioenergy prices, demand, and environmental impacts are addressed using fuzzy probabilistic programming combined with an interactive fuzzy solution method, applied to a case study of the Arad Kooh landfill in Tehran, Iran. Results indicate that anaerobic digestion (for heat, electricity, domestic gas, and fuel gas), fermentation, and landfill gas collection are optimal technologies for bioenergy production, with the model balancing centralized economic-environmental benefits and decentralized social objectives. The study validates the solution method's effectiveness and suggests future research could explore additional conversion technologies and alternative solution approaches.