Management of waterlogged area based on a three-dimensional agricultural model of ponds and dry land.

This article focuses on the development and numerical simulation of a three-dimensional agricultural management strategy to remediate waterlogged areas caused by coal mining subsidence in Shandong Province, China. Using COMSOL Multiphysics software and field data, the study models surface subsidence, groundwater level changes, and water accumulation to inform land reclamation efforts. The proposed three-dimensional agriculture integrates deep excavation and shallow filling techniques, optimizing crop selection based on root depth and economic benefits—specifically recommending corn for upper layers, lotus roots for middle layers, and loach aquaculture in lower layers. This multilayered approach aims to enhance sustainable land use, accelerate restoration of affected farmland, and support ecological and economic recovery in mining subsidence zones.