Exploring challenges in implementing sustainable energy solutions and green tourism for eco-industrial parks in China.

This article focuses on identifying and prioritizing the challenges in integrating sustainable energy solutions and green tourism within China’s Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs). Using a combined Delphi method and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the study systematically evaluates five main challenges—economic viability, socio-cultural acceptance, regulatory frameworks, technological feasibility, and investment barriers—and their related sub-challenges. Economic viability, particularly the calculation of return on investment, emerged as the most critical challenge, followed by regulatory support and societal acceptance issues. The research offers insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to develop targeted strategies that promote sustainable energy adoption and green tourism in China’s industrial clusters, aligning with the country’s carbon neutrality goals by 2060.