The transnational governance model as a necessary tool for building a transnational regulatory system for the de-carbonization actions for the oil and gas sector.

This article focuses on the regulatory challenges and governance models necessary for the energy transition and decarbonization of the oil and gas (O&G) sector in response to climate change and the goals of the Paris Agreement. It emphasizes the central role of the state in orchestrating a transnational legal order (TLO) that integrates national, international, and transnational rules—including technical standards, codes of conduct, model contracts, and foreign regulations—developed by both state and non-state actors. The article outlines new governance models, particularly those proposed by Abbott and Snidal, where the state acts as an orchestrator coordinating diverse actors through directive and facilitative orchestration to promote effective, adaptive, and collaborative regulation. It concludes that such cooperative, multi-actor regulatory frameworks are essential to accelerate decarbonization efforts in the O&G sector while ensuring fairness and public interest, given the urgency imposed by the climate emergency.