A systems perspective on the approach to industrial chain and supply chain ecology.

To date, minimal literature is based on a systems perspective to examine the ecosystems of the industrial chain and supply chain. To fill the gap, this study has employed a systems perspective in analysing issues related to the industrial chain–supply chain ecology. The term 'industrial chain–supply chain' emerged recently to reflect the current global manufacturing industry structure and a prevalent global supply chain. This study clarifies the concepts of industrial chain ecosystem and supply chain ecosystem, highlighting their similarities and distinctions. Additionally, the study outlines the process of value creation within the industrial chain–supply chain ecosystem, involving innovation in research, technology, products, systems and management, leading to technological breakthroughs and enhancements. A three‐stage model for the industrial chain–supply chain ecosystem is proposed, comprising the blueprint creation stage, the core technology breakthrough stage and the iterative ecosystem upgrade stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]