Circulation patterns in the middle and upper troposphere and their relationships with summer precipitation in the Jianghuai River Basin.

The upper and lower‐level circulations can be divided into four distinct modes based on ERA5 daily reanalysis data. The impact of these patterns on the summer persistent precipitation (SPP) in the Jianghuai River Basin (JRB) is investigated, with the '−SR (Silk Road)/+EAP (East Asia‐Pacific)' mode identified as the most favourable for triggering SPP. The main manifestations are as follows: (1) From 1981 to 2020, 29.4% (30.7%) of extreme precipitation days (the frequencies of persistent extreme precipitation) are related to the '−SR/+EAP' mode, indicating the importance of the '−SR/+EAP' mode to the SPP in the JRB. (2) The '−SR' pattern accelerates the westerly jet, leading to strong divergence over the JRB. Concurrently, the eastward movement of the South Asia High and westward shift of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) create conditions favourable for SPP in the JRB. (3) Abundant water vapour, facilitated by strong moisture convergence and upward motion, significantly contributes to SPP in the JRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]